Insert or Update (Upsert) logic

Thinking through the case that if you know the key beforehand through a deterministic process.  Then MS SQL Server has a very handy builtin constraint that you can turn off so that you no longer have to perform complicated merge logic i.e. you are happy with putting the first result when doing an insert.

Change the constraint on the your key to

IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON

Example

CREATE TABLE [abc](
    [Id] [int] NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_abc] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [Id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

Then you can do the following statement as many times as you want and the first statement is run and all others with the same key are ignored after that.  This means you can write a simple INSERT statement instead of a more complicated MERGE or transaction based SELECT and UPDATE

INSERT INTO abc (Id) VALUES (1);

In Postgres use the CONFLICT statement

PostgreSQL Upsert Using INSERT ON CONFLICT statement

This tutorial shows you how to use the PostgreSQL upsert feature to insert or update data if the row that is being inserted already exists in the table.